In recent years, numerous articles
and conferences have addressed the topic of identifying high potential (Hipo)
leaders. For example, the “9-Box” model has become a nearly universal standard
for identifying Hipos over the past 20 years because of its highly publicized
usage at GE under CEO Jack Welch in the 1990s. However, that model provides
absolutely no guidance on how to define “high potential".
In fact, many
organizations have great difficulty differentiating genuine Hipos from those
who have a track record of strong performance. As noted in a Harvard Business
Review article (“How to Keep Your Top Talent”; May 2010), only about 30 percent of
high performing leaders have significant advancement potential. Put another
way, 70 percent of high performing leaders do not qualify as “high potential”! What
this suggests is that a track record of high performance is a necessary, but
not sufficient, factor in determining advancement potential. Nor does the 9-Box
model shed any light on how to develop Hipos once they’re identified. The rest
of this article will focus on these topics.
As
a former head of talent management for a major corporation and now an executive
coach and succession planning consultant, I’ve observed three factors that
consistently differentiate Hipos from others who are strong performers, but not
genuine Hipos. The first factor is resourcefulness. This is the ability to
quickly overcome non-routine obstacles to the achievement of objectives. Hipos
are able to find a way forward in these situations and rarely get “stuck”.
The
second factor is what I call “Leader GPS”. Hipos are able to navigate a much
larger landscape in their approach to work. They have an intense outside-in
perspective (e.g., an awareness of external best practices and major trends in
their industry) and think cross-functionally. In contrast, many top performers
who are not Hipos are more internally focused and think mostly within their
functional silo.
The
third factor is being future-focused. Hipos think beyond their immediate
circumstances by anticipating potential issues and opportunities much farther
into the future than top performers who are not Hipos. To paraphrase the late
Stephen Covey, they focus on both the urgent and the important.
While
Hipos possess many of the same attributes as top performers who are not Hipos
(e.g., communication skills and teamwork), the three factors outlined above can
help you differentiate between genuine Hipos and top performers with limited
advancement potential.
So
once you’ve identified your organization’s Hipos, what’s the best way to
develop them? There is substantial evidence that on-the-job (OTJ) experiences
that get leaders outside of their comfort zone provide far superior development
to other approaches such as workshops, training programs, and executive
education programs. However, these OJT experiences need to be planned and the
leader needs to internalize “lessons learned” by objectively reflecting on
his/her actions and actively seeking feedback during and after these OJT
experiences.
Some of the best methods for doing this are keeping a personal
journal (ideally the Hipo will discuss key journal entries with an internal
mentor or external coach), participating in a 360-degree feedback assessment
every 1-2 years and identifying specific OTJ developmental experiences based on
that feedback, and working with an executive coach who deeply understands these
principles of individual “action learning”. These methods achieve proven
results in an accelerated timeframe, so are the ideal vehicle for Hipo
development.